BS 449 Bolt Loading Capacities — Grade 12.9

BS 449 working loading capacities for grade 12.9 bolts, M 1.6 to M 68 — tension capacity at 420 N/mm 2, shear at 280 N/mm 2, and bearing capacity at a bolt bearing strength of 876 N/mm 2 (ply 250 N/mm 2), with end distance at least 2d.

Last updated: 2026-11

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BS 449 Bolt Loading Capacities — Grade 12.9 in an industrial setting
Illustrative image redrawn from real product references — not a photograph of stocked items.

Specifications

This page tabulates working loading capacities for grade 12.9 bolts in the BS 449 (structural steelwork) tradition: for every nominal diameter from M 1.6 to M 68 it gives the tensile capacity on the shank and on the threaded portion at 420 N/mm 2, the single- and double-shear capacity at 280 N/mm 2, and the bearing capacity of the bolt for ply thicknesses from 5 mm to 25 mm at a bolt bearing strength of 876 N/mm 2 against a ply bearing strength of 250 N/mm 2 — all conditional on an end distance of at least 2d (twice the bolt diameter). The capacity ladder is a design reference, not a dimensional table: the same geometry appears in five grades on this site (4.6, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9), each with its own stress assumptions, so match the page to the grade your connection specifies. Tension capacities split shank vs threads because the threaded portion's reduced effective area governs; shear doubles from single to double plane at the same stress. Head dimensions, lengths, threads and finishes are not tabulated here — per RFQ against the bolt's dimensional standard.

Standard BS 449 loading-capacity table, Bolt Grade = 12.9 — capacities at the printed stress assumptions
Grade 12.9
Diameter range M 1.6 to M 68, 29 nominal diameters (preferred sizes parenthesised in the table, e.g. (M 14), (M 27))
Tension capacity Shank kN and Threads kN at 420 N/mm 2
Shear capacity Single kN and Double kN at 280 N/mm 2
Bearing capacity Bolt bearing strength 876 N/mm 2; ply bearing strength 250 N/mm 2; for end distance >= 2d
Ply thickness grid Bearing capacity in kN for ply thicknesses 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12.5, 15, 20 and 25 mm
Not tabulated Head dimensions, lengths, thread classes, finishes, materials — per RFQ
BS 449 bolt grade 12.9 - loading capacities per nominal diameter (M 1.6 - M 68), bearing capacity by ply thicknessColumn groups as printed on the collected page, carried verbatim: "Tension Capacity @ 420 N/mm 2" (Shank / Threads kN), "Shear Capacity @ 280 N/mm 2" (Single / Double kN), "Bolt Grade = 12.9", "Bearing Capacity of Bolts in kN for End Distance >= 2d Bolt Bearing Strength = 876 N/mm 2 Ply Bearing Strength: = 250 N/mm 2" over "Bearing (Ply) Thickness Passed Through, mm" (the 5-25 mm columns). Parenthesised diameters, e.g. (M 14), are the source's own marking - carried verbatim. Verification: re-fetched from the live page 2026-11-01, all 29 data rows x 16 cells cell-for-cell equal to the x127 corpus.
Dia. mmTensile Area mm 2Shank kNThreads kNSingle kNDouble kN5 mm6 mm7 mm8 mm9 mm10 mm12.5 mm15 mm20 mm25 mm
M 1.61.270.8440.5330.5631.1262.02.42.83.23.64.05.06.08.010.0
M 22.071.320.8690.881.762.53.03.54.04.55.06.37.510.012.5
M 2.53.392.061.421.372.743.13.84.45.05.66.37.89.412.515.6
M 35.032.972.111.983.963.84.55.36.06.87.59.411.315.018.8
M 48.785.283.693.527.045.06.07.08.09.010.012.515.020.025.0
M 514.28.255.965.5116.37.58.810.011.312.515.618.825.031.3
M 620.111.98.447.9215.847.59.010.512.013.515.018.822.530.037.5
M 836.621.115.414.128.210.012.014.016.018.020.025.030.040.050.0
M 10583324.4224412.515.017.520.022.525.031.337.550.062.5
M 1284.347.535.431.763.415.018.021.024.027.030.037.545.060.075.0
(M 14)11564.748.343.186.217.521.024.528.031.535.043.852.570.087.5
M 1615784.465.956.3112.620.024.028.032.036.040.050.060.080.0100.0
(M 18)192106.980.671.3142.622.527.031.536.040.545.056.367.590.0112.5
M 20245131.9102.98817625.030.035.040.045.050.062.575.0100.0125.0
(M 22)303159.7127.3106.4212.827.533.038.544.049.555.068.882.5110.0137.5
M 24353190148.3126.7253.430.036.042.048.054.060.075.090.0120.0150.0
(M 27)459240.5192.8160.3320.633.840.547.354.060.867.584.4101.3135.0168.8
M 30561296.9235.6197.9395.837.545.052.560.067.575.093.8112.5150.0187.5
(M 33)694359.2291.5239.547941.349.557.866.074.382.5103.1123.8165.0206.3
M 36817427.5343.128557045.054.063.072.081.090.0112.5135.0180.0225.0
(M 39)976501.7409.9334.566948.858.568.378.087.897.5121.9146.3195.0243.8
M 421120581.9470.4387.9775.852.563.073.584.094.5105.0131.3157.5210.0262.5
(M 45)1300668546445.3890.656.367.578.890.0101.3112.5140.6168.8225.0281.3
M 481470760617.4506.71013.460.072.084.096.0108.0120.0150.0180.0240.0300.0
(M 52)1760892739.2594.61189.265.078.091.0104.0117.0130.0162.5195.0260.0325.0
M 5620301034.5852.6689.61379.270.084.098.0112.0126.0140.0175.0210.0280.0350.0
(M 60)23601187.5991.2791.71583.475.090.0105.0120.0135.0150.0187.5225.0300.0375.0
M 6426801351.11125.6900.81801.680.096.0112.0128.0144.0160.0200.0240.0320.0400.0
(M 68)30601525.31285.21016.92033.885.0102.0119.0136.0153.0170.0212.5255.0340.0425.0

Materials

  • Material and finish specified per RFQ against the dimensional standard of the bolt you are buying (hex bolt, stud or socket product). Grade 12.9 capacity values assume the printed stresses; if your connection design uses different ply strengths, end distances below 2d, or a different code basis, the table values do not transfer — send the joint stack-up (ply thicknesses, hole type, end distance) and grade with the RFQ so the capacities can be quoted against the actual geometry

Ordering & documentation

Documents

Shipments are backed by Mill Test Certificate (MTC), Dimensional Report, Salt Spray Test Report on request, with full batch traceability from raw material to finished product. Quality management follows the owner-confirmed compliance list: ISO 9001:2015, RoHS, REACH. Exact document sets are confirmed on the order.

Quotation

  • The fastener family (BS 449 Bolt Loading Capacities — Grade 12.9) plus the standard designation from your drawing — DIN / ISO / JIS / ASTM / ANSI, or a drawing for custom parts.
  • Size (diameter and length), thread type (metric or inch), property class or grade, and coating or finish.
  • Quantity per size and your target delivery date.
  • Destination country, and any required documents (for example a mill test certificate) so the quote includes them.

Sample & supply

Minimum order quantity is 1,000–10,000 pieces depending on size. Stock items run 3–7 days. High-strength and custom parts run 15–25 days. Quantities or variants outside the standard range are confirmed at quotation.

Storage & shipping

Parts are packed for export and shipped factory-direct to buyers in Europe, Asia, the Americas and the Middle East. Store fasteners dry and protected until installation, and keep coated parts in their packaging until use; specific packing and preservation requirements can be stated on the order and confirmed at quotation.

Frequently asked questions

How do I read the grade 12.9 loading-capacity table for a real joint?

Pick the row for the bolt diameter, then read three numbers. Tension: use the Threads kN column if the shear plane or the grip puts threads in the stressed section, the higher Shank kN value only where the full-diameter shank carries the load. Shear: Single kN for one shear plane, Double kN for two — the double value is exactly twice the single at the same stress. Bearing: take the ply thickness actually passed through (the thinnest ply, if several) and read kN across the 5–25 mm columns; the grid already assumes end distance of at least 2d and a ply bearing strength of 250 N/mm 2. The connection's allowable load is the smallest of the three — tension, shear or bearing — and combined tension-plus-shear needs an interaction check against the governing code, which this table alone does not cover.

Why are there five separate BS 449 capacity pages instead of one table?

Because the grade is the load-bearing assumption: each page tabulates the same 29 diameters but at that grade's own stress values — tension from 120 N/mm 2 at grade 4.6 up to 420 N/mm 2 at grade 12.9, shear and bolt bearing strength rising with it, while the ply bearing strength stays 250 N/mm 2 across all five. Reading a grade 8.8 joint from the grade 4.6 page would understate capacity by more than half; the reverse would overstate it. Choose the page matching the property grade marked on the bolts you order (ISO 898-1 classes use the same numbering), then quote lengths, heads and finish per RFQ — this table series carries capacities only, no dimensions.

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What to include in your inquiry

  • ✓ Standard and property class (e.g. DIN 912, ISO 4762, class 8.8) — or a drawing for custom parts.
  • ✓ Sizes, lengths and thread type (metric or inch).
  • ✓ Quantity per size and your target delivery date.
  • ✓ Destination country, plus any coating or finish requirement.
  • ✓ Any documents you need with the shipment (e.g. mill test certificate) so the quote includes them.
  • ✓ Your inquiry goes straight to the factory team by email and gets a reply within 24 hours.
  • ✓ Factory-direct pricing
  • ✓ Standard and custom specifications
  • ✓ Factory-direct export to buyers in Europe, Asia, the Americas and the Middle East
  • ✓ Full fastener family support

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