Mechanical Properties Chart (Property Classes)

Twenty mechanical-property tables for fastener steel, read by property class: the ISO 898-1 class 3.6–12.9 master table (tensile, hardness, yield, proof stress, elongation, decarburization limits), per-product tables for socket products (DIN 912 / ASME B18.3 cap, low head, flat head, button, shoulder, set screws) and hex products (ISO 4014/4017, ASME B18.2.1, ISO 4162, IFI-111), and nut hardness ladders per ISO 898-2 coarse and fine pitch plus DIN 267-4.

Last updated: 2026-11

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Mechanical Properties Chart (Property Classes) in an industrial setting
Illustrative image redrawn from real product references — not a photograph of stocked items.

Specifications

A property class is a package of minimum mechanical values, and this chart lays the packages side by side the way a design review actually needs them: the ISO 898-1 master table prints tensile strength Rm (300 MPa for class 3.6 up to 1200 MPa nominal for 12.9), Vickers/Brinell/Rockwell hardness bands, yield ReL for the lower classes and 0.2% proof Rp0.2 for 8.8 and above, test stress Sp, elongation after fracture, notch impact energy and the decarburization limits that decide heat-treat acceptance. Around it, the collected source groups the per-product requirements buyers actually ask about: socket cap screws at class 12.9 (1220 MPa tensile, 1100 MPa yield, 8% elongation per DIN 912), low head caps at a deliberately lower class 10.9 (832 MPa — the reduced head height trades strength), button heads at 835 MPa, shoulder screws and set screws (45H, HRC 45-53), the hex families at 10.9/12.9, and the inch-side ASME counterparts split at d ≤ 1/2 / d > 1/2 in psi. The nut side runs on hardness rather than tensile: ISO 898-2 ladders HV/HB/HRC by class from 04 to 12 with separate bands for M5≤D≤M16 vs M16<D≤M39 and for high (style 2) nuts, plus DIN 267-4 proof-load stresses. Read the numbers as acceptance minima, not design allowables — and note the chart's own defects carried verbatim: the coarse-nut heading prints "Corase Thread", the fine-pitch footnotes print scrambled ("ainimMum" and friends), and the class 8.8 column splits at ≤16 mm / >16 mm, a split buyers miss when quoting one tensile value across all M8.8 sizes.

Master table ISO 898-1 classes 3.6 / 4.6 / 4.8 / 5.6 / 5.8 / 6.8 / 8.8 (≤16 mm and >16 mm split) / 10.9 / 12.9 — tensile Rm nominal and minimum, HV, HB, HRB/HRC bands, surface hardness HV 0.3, yield ReL or Rp0.2, test stress Sp/ReL(Rp0.2) and MPa, elongation A5 minimum, notch impact energy, head impact toughness, decarburization depth E and G
Socket products DIN 912 (12.9: HRC 39-44, 1220 MPa min., 1100 MPa yield, 8% elongation); ASME B18.3 cap/low-head/flat/button/shoulder/set in inch split d≤1/2 vs d>1/2; DIN 7984 low head (10.9, 832 MPa); DIN 7991 flat head (10.9, 835 MPa); ISO 7380 button head (10.9, 835 MPa); ISO 7379 shoulder (12.9, 1100 MPa); DIN 916 / ASME set screws (45H, HRC 45-53)
Hex products ISO 4014/4017 (10.9/12.9); ASME B18.2.1 (SAE J429 Grade 8: HRC 33-39, 150,000 psi tensile, 130,000 psi yield, 12% elongation); ISO 4162 flange bolts (10.9/12.9); IFI-111 flange screws (Grade 8)
Nuts ISO 898-2 coarse and fine pitch: HV/HB/HRC min-max ladders by class 04-12, band-split M5≤D≤M16 vs M16<D≤M39, with the source's high-nut (style 2) footnote values a/b/c; DIN 267-4 proof load stress Sp by class plus hardness maxima
Verbatim defects (flagged) Coarse-nut heading prints "Corase Thread"; fine-pitch footnote rows print "ainimMum / baximMum / cinimMum"; decimal commas print in the fine-pitch table ("22,2", "29,2"); blank cells print no value — all carried as printed, not normalized
Not tabulated Per-size proof loads (read from the thread-stress-area tables), fatigue data, shear ratings — per RFQ
ISO 898-1 property classes 3.6 – 12.9: mechanical properties of bolts and screwsAs printed on the collected page ("Mechanical Properties"). The class 8.8 column splits at ≤ 16 mm / > 16 mm as printed. "^" marks superscript exponent tokens (N/mm^2). Blank cells print no value on the collected table.
Property3.64.64.85.65.86.88.810.912.9
<= 16mm> 16mm
Tensile Strength Rm in MPa (N/mm^2)nominal value30040040050050060080080010001200
minimum33040042050052060080083010401220
Vickers Hardness HV=F 98Nminimum95120130155160190230255310372
maximum220220220220220250300336382434
Brinell Hardness HB F=30D^2minimum90114124147152181219242295353
maximum209238285319363412
Rockwell Hardness HRminimum HRB526771798289
minimum HRC20233138
maximum HRB9595959595
maximum HRC30343944
Surface Hardness HV 0.3maximum320356402454
Yield Stress Rel in MPa(N/mm^2)nominal value180240320300400480
minimum190240340300420480
0.2% elongation limit Rp0.2 in Mpa (N/mm^2)nominal value6406409001080
minimum6406609401100
Test stress SpSp/ReL or Rp0.20.940.940.910.940.910.910.910.910.880.88
MPA (N/mm^2)180225310280380440580600830970
Elongation after fracture A5 in %minimum25221420108121298
Minimum notch impact energy in Joules2530302015
Head Impact ToughnessNo Fracture
Maximum Height of the Thread Zone Not Decarburized E1/2H11/2H12/3H13/4H1
Maximum Depth of Decarburization Gmm.015.015.015.015
DIN 912 socket cap screws — class 12.9As printed.
Property Class12.9
Hardness (HRC)39-44
Tensile Strength (Mpa)1,220 min.
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset (Mpa)1,100 min.
Elongation (%)8 min.
ASME B18.3 socket cap screws — inch seriesAs printed; "d <= 1/2" / "d > 1/2" size split as printed.
Diameter dd <= 1/2d > 1/2
Hardness (HRC)39-4437-44
Tensile Strength (psi)145,000 min.135,000 min.
DIN 7984 low head socket cap screws — class 10.9As printed.
Property Class10.9
Hardness (HRC)32-39
Tensile Strength (Mpa)832 min.
ASME B18.3 low head socket cap screws — inch seriesAs printed.
Diameter dd <= 1/2d > 1/2
Hardness (HRC)39-4537-45
Tensile Strength (psi)180,000 min.170,000 min.
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset (psi)153,000 min.153,000 min.
Elongation (%)10 min.10 min.
DIN 7991 flat head countersunk socket cap screws — class 10.9As printed.
Property Class10.9
Hardness (HRC)32-39
Tensile Strength (Mpa)835 min.
ASME B18.3 flat head countersunk socket cap screws — inch seriesAs printed.
Diameter dd <= 1/2d > 1/2
Hardness (HRC)39-4437-44
Tensile Strength (psi)145,000 min.135,000 min.
ISO 7380 button head socket cap screws — class 10.9As printed.
Property Class10.9
Hardness (HRC)32-39
Tensile Strength (Mpa)835 min.
ASME B18.3 button head socket cap screws — inch seriesAs printed.
Diameter dd <= 1/2d > 1/2
Hardness (HRC)39-4437-44
Tensile Strength (psi)145,000 min.135,000 min.
ISO 7379 socket shoulder screws — class 12.9As printed.
Property Class12.9
Hardness (HRC)39-44
Tensile Strength (Mpa)1,100 min.
ASME B18.3 socket shoulder screws — inch seriesAs printed.
Hardness (HRC)39-43
Tensile Strength (psi)140,000 min.
DIN 916 set screws — class 45HAs printed.
Property Class45H
Hardness (HRC)45-53
ASME B18.3 set screws — class 45HAs printed.
Property Class45H
Hardness (HRC)45-53
ISO 4014 / 4017 hex head bolts — classes 10.9 and 12.9As printed.
Property Class10.912.9
Hardness (HRC)32-3939-44
Tensile Strength (Mpa)1,040 min.1,220 min.
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset (Mpa)940 min.1,100 min.
Elongation (%)9 min.8 min.
ASME B18.2.1 hexagon head cap screws — SAE J429 Grade 8As printed.
Property ClassSAE J429-Grade 8
Hardness (HRC)33-39
Surface Hardness (30N)58.6 max.
Tensile Strength (psi)150,000 min.
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset (psi)130,000 min.
Elongation (%)12 min.
ISO 4162 hexagon flange bolts — classes 10.9 and 12.9As printed.
Property Class10.912.9
Hardness (HRC)32-3939-44
Tensile Strength (Mpa)1,040 min.1,220 min.
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset (Mpa)940 min.1,100 min.
Elongation (%)9 min.8 min.
IFI-111 hexagon flange screws — SAE J429 Grade 8As printed.
Property ClassSAE J429-Grade 8
Hardness (HRC)33-39
Surface Hardness (30N)58.6 max.
Tensile Strength (psi)150,000 min.
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset (psi)130,000 min.
Elongation (%)12 min.
ISO 898-2 hexagon nuts, coarse thread — hardness by property classAs printed ("ISO 898-2 Hexagon Nuts with Corase Thread" — the heading spelling is the source's). Each class carries min./max. pairs; blank cells print no value. Footnote letters a/b/c carry the source's high-nut (style 2) values verbatim; the closing note rows (surface integrity per ISO 6157-2; Vickers as the acceptance reference method; the a)/b)/c) footnotes) are carried as printed, including footnote c)'s "Minimum value" wording against the a)-min./b)-max. pattern.
Property class40556891012
Thread DVickers hardness, HV
min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.
M5 ≤ D ≤ M16130150200302295^c
M16 < D ≤ M39188302272353146302170302233^a353^b188302272353272353
Thread DBrinell hardness, HB
min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.
M5 ≤ D ≤ M16124143190287280^c
M16 < D ≤ M39179287259336139287162287221^a336^b179287259336259336
Thread DRockwell hardness, HRC
min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.
M5 ≤ D ≤ M16—3029^c
M16 < D ≤ M39—302636—30—30—36^b—3026362636
Surface integrity shall be in accordance with ISO 6157-2.
Vickers hardness test is the reference method for acceptance (see 9.2.4).
a) Minimum value for high nuts (style 2): 180 HV (171 HB).
b) Maximum value for high nuts (style 2): 302 HV (287 HB; 30 HRC).
c) Minimum value for high nuts (style 2): 272 HV (259 HB; 26 HRC).
ISO 898-2 hexagon nuts, fine pitch thread — hardness by property classAs printed. The footnote rows print with scrambled leading letters on the collected page ("ainimMum", "baximMum", "cinimMum") — carried verbatim, not normalized; decimal-comma cells ("22,2", "29,2") are the source's own characters.
Property class455681012
Thread D × PVickers hardness, HV
min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.
M8×1 ≤ D ≤ M16×1,5175188302250^a353^b295^c295
M16×1,5 < D ≤ M39×3188302272353190302233295353260353—
Thread D × PBrinell hardness, HB
min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.
M8×1 ≤ D ≤ M16×1,5166179238^a336^b280^c280
M16×1,5 < D ≤ M39×3179287259336181287221287280336247336—
Thread D × PRockwell hardness, HRC
min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.
M8×1 ≤ D ≤ M16×1,5——22,2^a36^b29^c29
M16×1,5 < D ≤ M39×3—302636—30—3029,2362436—
Surface integrity shall be in accordance with ISO 6157-2.
The Vickers hardness test is the reference method for acceptance (see 9.2.4).
ainimMum value for high nuts (style 2): 195 HV (185 HB).
baximMum value for high nuts (style 2): 302 HV (287 HB; 30 HRC).
cinimMum value for high nuts (style 2): 250 HV (238 HB; 22,2 HRC).
DIN 267-4 hexagon nuts — proof load stress and hardness maximaAs printed; the "Widening" row prints with no values on the collected table.
Mechanical PropertiesProperty class
45681012
Proof load stress SpN/mm^240050060080010001200
Vickers hardness HV5max.302302302302353353
Brinell hardness HB 30max.290290290290335335
Rockwell hardness HRCmax.303030303636
Widening

Materials

  • These property-class values are what a mill certificate is checked against, so pair the class with the certificate level you need on the RFQ — EN 10204 3.1 where the joint is verified. The 8.8 split matters in practice: an M24 8.8 has a higher hardness band and minimum tensile (830 vs 800 MPa) than an M12 8.8, and quoting a single 800 figure across sizes is a real acceptance error

Ordering & documentation

Documents

Shipments are backed by Mill Test Certificate (MTC), Dimensional Report, Salt Spray Test Report on request, with full batch traceability from raw material to finished product. Quality management follows the owner-confirmed compliance list: ISO 9001:2015, RoHS, REACH. Exact document sets are confirmed on the order.

Quotation

  • The fastener family (Mechanical Properties Chart (Property Classes)) plus the standard designation from your drawing — DIN / ISO / JIS / ASTM / ANSI, or a drawing for custom parts.
  • Size (diameter and length), thread type (metric or inch), property class or grade, and coating or finish.
  • Quantity per size and your target delivery date.
  • Destination country, and any required documents (for example a mill test certificate) so the quote includes them.

Sample & supply

Minimum order quantity is 1,000–10,000 pieces depending on size. Stock items run 3–7 days. High-strength and custom parts run 15–25 days. Quantities or variants outside the standard range are confirmed at quotation.

Storage & shipping

Parts are packed for export and shipped factory-direct to buyers in Europe, Asia, the Americas and the Middle East. Store fasteners dry and protected until installation, and keep coated parts in their packaging until use; specific packing and preservation requirements can be stated on the order and confirmed at quotation.

Frequently asked questions

Why do DIN 7984 low head and DIN 912 socket caps sit at different property classes (10.9 vs 12.9) for the same M-thread?

Because the head height is the load path. A cap screw transmits its tensile load through the head, and a low head (about half the height of a DIN 912 head) has less material to carry it — so the collected chart lists DIN 7984 at class 10.9 with 832 MPa minimum tensile, against DIN 912 at 12.9 with 1220 MPa. The practical consequence at the drawing stage: if your joint was sized around a 12.9 cap screw and you swap in a low head to clear an envelope, the strength margin drops by roughly a third and the swap is a design decision, not a catalogue substitution. The same logic explains why button heads (ISO 7380, 835 MPa) and shoulder screws carry their own class rows — the chart's per-product tables exist precisely because "socket screw" is not one strength rating. Where a joint genuinely needs the low-head geometry at higher load, that is a per-case engineering call, not a stock answer.

How do I read the nut hardness ladders against the bolt classes — and what are the 04/05 classes for?

The pairing rule is that the nut must proof-load the bolt thread without stripping, which ISO 898-2 achieves by hardness windows rather than tensile minima: each class carries a Vickers band (e.g. class 8 at 200-302 HV for M5-M16, 233-353 HV for M16-M39 as printed) and the chart marks the reference acceptance method as Vickers. Classes 04 and 05 are the thin (jam/chamfered) nut classes — lower strength on purpose, used for locking and spacing, never as the structural partner of a 10.9 bolt. The style-2 (high nut) footnotes matter on the upper classes: the a/b/c notes shift the minimum values for the taller nuts because more height changes how the thread bears. When a drawing says "nut same class as bolt", read it as the ISO 898-2 class of the same number — 10 nut for 10.9 bolt — and check the size band: the M16 boundary moves the bands, and the fine-pitch ladder is its own table with decimal-comma values as printed. Any class/size combination outside these ladders is quoted per RFQ against the current edition.

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What to include in your inquiry

  • ✓ Standard and property class (e.g. DIN 912, ISO 4762, class 8.8) — or a drawing for custom parts.
  • ✓ Sizes, lengths and thread type (metric or inch).
  • ✓ Quantity per size and your target delivery date.
  • ✓ Destination country, plus any coating or finish requirement.
  • ✓ Any documents you need with the shipment (e.g. mill test certificate) so the quote includes them.
  • ✓ Your inquiry goes straight to the factory team by email and gets a reply within 24 hours.
  • ✓ Factory-direct pricing
  • ✓ Standard and custom specifications
  • ✓ Factory-direct export to buyers in Europe, Asia, the Americas and the Middle East
  • ✓ Full fastener family support

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